References
1 National Center for Health Statistics. Births: Final data for 2023 (NVSR 74[1]). CDC.
2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011, April). Preventing teen pregnancy in the U.S. (CDC Vital Signs)
3 Congressional Research Service. (2025, April 17). Teen births in the United States: Overview and recent trends (R45184). Congress.gov (Continues to cite 50% teen-mother graduation by 22).
4 CDC. (2024). Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data Summary & Trends Report: 2013–2023. CDC
5 Zweig, J. M., Dank, M., Yahner, J., & Lachman, P. (2013). Technology, teen dating violence and abuse, and bullying. Urban Institute/NIJ.
6 Garnett, M. F., et al. (2024, Sept). Suicide mortality in the United States, 2002–2022 (NCHS Data Brief No. 509). CDC/NCHS.
7 Forsberg, K., et al. (2025, June 12). Surveillance for violent deaths — NVDRS, 50 states, DC, and PR, 2022. MMWR Surv. Summ., 74(5). CDC
8 Barbee A, et al. (2016). Impact of Two Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Interventions on Risky Sexual Behavior: A Three-Arm Cluster Randomized Control Trial.
9 Pittman, J. F., & Kerpelman, J. L. (2013). A cross-lagged model of adolescent dating aggression attitudes and behavior: Relationship education makes a difference. In: Published Proceeding, Hawaii International Social Science Conference, Waikiki, HI
10 Alamillo, Julia, and Elizabeth Doran (2022). Healthy Marriage and Relationship Education for High School Students: The Longer-Term Impacts of Relationship Smarts PLUS in Georgia, OPRE Report # 2022-325, Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
11 McElwain, A., McGill, J., Savasuk-Luxton, R. (2017). Youth Relationship Education: A Meta-Analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 82, 499–507.
12 Antle, B.F., et al. (2021). Mind Matters Comprehensive Evaluation Final Report. Findings from a randomized control trial conducted at the University of Louisville.